AI & LLM Vulnerabilities

CVE-2025-46567 is a critical vulnerability in LLaMA-Factory (a tool for fine-tuning large language models) that exists before version 1.0.0. The vulnerability is in the `llamafy_baichuan2.py` script, which unsafely loads user-supplied files using `torch.load()` (a function that deserializes, or reconstructs, Python objects from saved data), allowing attackers to execute arbitrary commands by crafting a malicious file.

vLLM (a system for running large language models efficiently) versions 0.8.0 through 0.8.4 have a critical performance bug in how it processes multimodal input (text, images, audio). The bug uses an inefficient algorithm (quadratic time complexity, meaning it slows down exponentially as input size grows) when replacing placeholder tokens (special markers like <|audio_|> that get expanded into repeated tokens), which allows attackers to crash or freeze the system by sending specially crafted malicious inputs.

A ReDoS vulnerability (regular expression denial of service, where specially crafted text causes a regex to consume excessive CPU by repeatedly backtracking) was found in the huggingface/transformers library version 4.48.1, specifically in the GPT-NeoX-Japanese model's tokenizer. An attacker could exploit this by sending malicious input that causes the application to hang or crash due to high CPU usage.

Rasa Pro is a framework for building conversational AI assistants that use large language models. A vulnerability was found where voice connectors (tools that receive audio input) did not properly check user authentication even when security tokens were configured, allowing attackers to send voice data to the system without permission.

A critical vulnerability (CVE-2025-3677) was found in lm-sys FastChat version 0.2.36 and earlier in the file apply_delta.py. The flaw involves deserialization (converting data back into code or objects, which can be dangerous if the data comes from an untrusted source) and can only be exploited by someone with local access to the affected system.

MaxKB (Max Knowledge Base) is an open source system that answers questions using a large language model and RAG (retrieval-augmented generation, where an AI pulls in external documents to answer questions). A reverse shell vulnerability (a security flaw that lets attackers gain control of a system remotely) exists in its function library module and can be exploited by privileged users to create unauthorized access.

CVE-2025-26644 is a vulnerability in Windows Hello (a biometric authentication system) where its recognition mechanism fails to properly detect or handle adversarial input perturbations (slight changes designed to fool AI systems). This weakness allows a local attacker to spoof someone's identity without authorization.