<em>Infer-Shield</em>: Defending against membership inference attacks in heterogeneous federated learning via adaptive distillation

This research paper describes a defense technique called Infer-Shield that protects AI models trained across multiple organizations (federated learning, where different parties train a shared model without sharing raw data) from membership inference attacks (attempts to determine if specific individuals' data was used in training). The paper proposes using adaptive distillation (a technique where a smaller model learns from a larger one to reduce information leakage) as a way to make these distributed AI systems more secure.