When Core-Network Elements Become Reachable: Field-Level Exploitability Analysis in Diameter

Summary

LENS is an LLM-based system that guides language models with exploitability-analysis discipline and protocol evidence to assess Diameter field-level exploitability. Across four LLMs it reached mean recall of 94.00% to 98.00%, precision of 78.73% to 88.94%, and accuracy of 84.00% to 92.00%. The authors report that over 25% of field paths in the S6a and Cx interfaces are exploitable, and they uncover 95 previously unknown vulnerabilities in EPC/IMS implementations and commercial deployments.