The Bear Necessities: A Look at the Drivers, Dynamics, and Applications of the Pro-Russia Influence Ecosystem

Russia has developed a sophisticated influence ecosystem that uses information operations (IO, coordinated campaigns to spread narratives and manipulate public opinion) and generative AI (machine learning systems that create text and media) to advance its strategic goals globally, with recent focus on Ukraine but increasingly pivoting back to broader targets like NATO and the EU. The ecosystem blends state-controlled media, covert IO campaigns, and hacking activities into an interconnected network designed to be resilient against limited disruptions. The research warns that Russia views these influence tactics as cost-effective and successful, and will likely continue expanding their use with new AI tools while maintaining military and political objectives.