An Efficient Multi-Level and Cross-Domain Conditional Anonymous Authentication Scheme in V2G

This academic paper proposes a new authentication scheme for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems, which allow electric vehicles to exchange power with electrical grids. The scheme uses conditional anonymous authentication (a method that hides vehicle identity while allowing identification of bad actors) with a multi-level architecture combining group signatures (cryptographic signatures that hide individual identity within a group) and proxy signatures (where one party can create signatures on behalf of another), making it more efficient than existing approaches.