Understanding Hallucinations in Large Visual and Language Models

This academic survey examines hallucinations in large visual and language models, which are instances where AI systems generate false or nonsensical information that appears plausible. The paper, published in ACM Computing Surveys in October 2026, provides a comprehensive overview spanning 36 pages of research on this problem affecting both language models (AI systems trained on text) and multimodal models (AI systems that process both images and text).