A backdoor-resistant certificateless multi-cloud data auditing and deduplication scheme with blockchain-based evidence storage

This academic paper describes a security system designed to protect data stored across multiple cloud providers by combining certificateless cryptography (a encryption method that doesn't require digital certificates), blockchain (a distributed ledger technology), and deduplication (removing duplicate copies of data). The scheme aims to resist backdoors (hidden access points inserted by attackers) while allowing organizations to verify that their data hasn't been modified.