TMAS: A threshold multi-auditor auditing scheme for weakly trusted cloud–fog collaboration

This academic paper proposes TMAS, a threshold multi-auditor auditing scheme designed to verify data integrity and security in cloud-fog computing environments (distributed systems where data processing happens both in the cloud and at edge devices closer to users) where trust between parties is limited. The scheme uses multiple independent auditors working together so that no single auditor needs to be completely trusted, addressing the challenge of maintaining security when collaborating systems don't fully trust each other.