CAST: A Compiler-Based Framework for Systematically Testing LLM Compositional Safety

Summary

Researchers introduce compositional safety, the property that an LLM stays safe under multi-step workflows that decompose harmful intents, not only isolated malicious prompts. They present CAST, a compiler-inspired testing framework that uses an intermediate representation, CAIR, to generate and reassemble sub-tasks for evaluating malicious-code safety. On four LLMs across three testbeds, CAST exposed severe safety violations in strongly aligned models, with up to a 365% increase in successful test cases over baseline strategies.

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