Blockchain-PUF based two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme in IoV

This research paper proposes a security method for IoV (Internet of Vehicles, where cars connect to networks) that combines blockchain (a distributed ledger technology that creates permanent, tamper-resistant records) with PUF (physical unclonable functions, unique fingerprints derived from hardware that are hard to fake) to create a two-factor authentication and key agreement scheme. The approach aims to improve security for vehicle communication and data exchange in connected car systems.