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Improving instruction hierarchy in frontier LLMs

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Summary

OpenAI researchers report that training models to prioritize instructions by trust level, called instruction-hierarchy tasks, improves real-world safety. Models trained this way follow safety specifications in system prompts more closely and resist prompt-injection attacks embedded in tool outputs. The authors also introduce IH-Challenge, a reinforcement learning dataset built to avoid instruction-following shortcuts, unreliable LLM judges, and overrefusals.