An Outsourced Attribute-Based Encryption Scheme With Verifiable Policy Update and Dynamic Attributes for Digital Twins

This paper presents OABE-VPUDA, a new encryption scheme designed to protect sensitive data in Digital Twins (DTs, virtual digital replicas of physical systems) while allowing flexible access control. The scheme uses CP-ABE (ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption, a method that encrypts data based on specific attributes or characteristics) combined with blockchain technology to enable secure data sharing, allow owners to update access policies, and manage user permissions that expire over time, while reducing the computational burden on data owners.