A Unified Decision Rule for Generalized Out-of-Distribution Detection

This research paper addresses generalized out-of-distribution detection (OOD detection, where an AI system identifies inputs that are very different from its training data), which is important for AI systems used in safety-critical applications. Rather than focusing on designing better scoring functions, the authors propose a new decision rule called the generalized Benjamini Hochberg procedure that uses hypothesis testing (a statistical method for making decisions about data) to determine whether an input is out-of-distribution, and they prove this method controls false positive rates better than traditional threshold-based approaches.