The Triple Calculus Model: The Case of Location Privacy in Smartphones

This research paper examines how smartphone users develop privacy concerns about location tracking through a 'triple calculus model' (a framework showing how people weigh risks and benefits of sharing location data). By studying 559 smartphone users, researchers found that users' sense of control over location sharing significantly influenced how they perceived both the risks and benefits of location disclosure, and that social influences and past experiences with privacy breaches also shaped their privacy concerns.