Enhancing ICS equipment security through fuzzing: Automated protocol inference and response-driven exploration

This academic paper describes a method for improving security in ICS (Industrial Control Systems, which manage critical infrastructure like power plants and factories) by using fuzzing (automatically sending random or malformed inputs to find bugs). The approach uses automated protocol inference (figuring out communication rules without documentation) and response-driven exploration (testing based on how systems react) to discover vulnerabilities in ICS equipment that might otherwise go undetected.