PRISM-SE: Calibrated social engineering risk assessment with non-circular proxies

PRISM-SE is a framework for measuring and assessing the risk of social engineering attacks (attempts to manipulate people into revealing secrets or performing unsafe actions) in a more accurate way by using non-circular proxies (measurable factors that don't depend on each other in a circular way). The research, published in December 2026, proposes a calibrated approach to better understand and quantify how vulnerable an organization or individual might be to social engineering threats.