Cap the Gap: Solving the Egoistic Dilemma Under the Transaction Fee-Incentivized Bitcoin

Bitcoin is shifting from system rewards to transaction fees (payments users include with their transactions) to incentivize miners, but this creates a 'mining gap' where miners turn off their equipment when fees are too low, weakening Bitcoin's security. This paper identifies this as an 'egoistic dilemma' where both users and miners act selfishly, and proposes an incentive mechanism based on zero-determinant theory (a game theory approach) to solve the problem.