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Vuln2Action: An LLM-based framework for generating vulnerability reproduction steps and mapping exploits

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Summary

Vuln2Action is an LLM-based framework for generating vulnerability reproduction steps and mapping exploits. The authors note that more than 40,000 CVEs were published in 2024 and that only about 0.4% of NVD vulnerabilities from 2010 to May 2025 have publicly listed exploits in ExploitDB. The introduction also reports that preliminary tests of several open-source and instruction-tuned models showed consistent refusals when prompts requested exploit code or attack instructions.