{"data":{"id":"3afe4ccf-88f1-416d-af86-28154bdf1749","title":"MOAI: Module-Optimizing Architecture for non-interactive secure transformer Inference","summary":"MOAI is a homomorphic encryption framework for non-interactive secure transformer inference, so LLM inference can run directly over encrypted inputs in cloud deployments. It combines column and diagonal packing across all layers and uses rotation-free algorithms for Softmax and LayerNorm, removing 2,448 HE rotations in BERT-base inference. The authors report a 52.8% reduction in evaluation time versus THOR and a 55.7% reduction versus Powerformer, at 2.36 minutes per input on a single GPU, and the implementation is open source.","solution":"N/A -- no mitigation discussed in source.","labels":["research","privacy"],"sourceUrl":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.13641v1","publishedAt":"2026-11-10T06:36:43.000Z","cveId":null,"cweIds":null,"cvssScore":null,"cvssSeverity":null,"severity":"info","attackType":[],"issueType":"research","affectedPackages":null,"affectedPackageNames":null,"affectedPackageRefs":null,"affectedVendors":[],"affectedVendorsRaw":["LLaMA-3-8B","BERT-base","Powerformer"],"classifierModel":"claude-haiku-5-5","classifierPromptVersion":"v4","summaryPromptVersion":"v2","headline":null,"headlinePromptVersion":null,"cvssVector":null,"attackVector":null,"attackComplexity":null,"privilegesRequired":null,"userInteraction":null,"exploitMaturity":null,"epssScore":null,"epssCheckedAt":null,"kevDateAdded":null,"advisoryAliases":null,"affectedPackagesSource":null,"affectedPackagesCheckedAt":null,"patchAvailable":null,"disclosureDate":"2026-11-10T06:36:43.000Z","fixReleasedAt":null,"daysToFix":null,"fixCheckedAt":null,"capecIds":null,"crossRefCount":0,"attackSophistication":"moderate","impactType":["confidentiality"],"aiComponentTargeted":"inference","llmSpecific":true,"classifierConfidence":0.85,"researchCategory":"preprint","atlasIds":null}}