{"data":{"id":"2a95d531-7a2a-4172-a6ff-c70d3351d940","title":"PAIR: Against Inference-Time Attacks on Fine-Tuned LLMs via Path-Level Inference Randomization","summary":"Researchers propose Path-level Inference Randomization (PAIR), a defense for fine-tuned LLMs that randomizes computation inside LoRA adapters at inference time instead of filtering inputs and outputs. PAIR inserts generated shadow weights into feature-sensitive layers to create a stochastic inference network. Across evaluated jailbreak, prompt-stealing and backdoor attacks, the authors report reduced attack metrics with small changes in held-out task performance.","solution":"N/A -- no mitigation discussed in source.","labels":["security","research"],"sourceUrl":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11740755","publishedAt":"2026-10-19T13:17:05.000Z","cveId":null,"cweIds":null,"cvssScore":null,"cvssSeverity":null,"severity":"info","attackType":["jailbreak","data_extraction"],"issueType":"research","affectedPackages":null,"affectedPackageNames":null,"affectedPackageRefs":null,"affectedVendors":[],"affectedVendorsRaw":["fine-tuned LLMs","LoRA adapters"],"classifierModel":"claude-haiku-5-5","classifierPromptVersion":"v4","summaryPromptVersion":"v2","headline":null,"headlinePromptVersion":null,"cvssVector":null,"attackVector":null,"attackComplexity":null,"privilegesRequired":null,"userInteraction":null,"exploitMaturity":null,"epssScore":null,"epssCheckedAt":null,"kevDateAdded":null,"advisoryAliases":null,"affectedPackagesSource":null,"affectedPackagesCheckedAt":null,"patchAvailable":null,"disclosureDate":"2026-10-19T13:17:05.000Z","fixReleasedAt":null,"daysToFix":null,"fixCheckedAt":null,"capecIds":null,"crossRefCount":0,"attackSophistication":"moderate","impactType":["confidentiality","integrity","safety"],"aiComponentTargeted":"model","llmSpecific":true,"classifierConfidence":0.95,"researchCategory":"peer_reviewed","atlasIds":["AML.T0054"]}}